Review of new Texas tech-focused nonfiction<\/p>\n

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The \u201cchip\u201d at the center of this engrossing new book is neither a salty treat nor a short golf swing. It\u2019s an \u201cintegrated circuit,\u201d a silicon wafer about the size of a human fingernail, with millions or even billions of microscopic transistors and other components etched onto its thin surface.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Invented in Dallas, Texas, in 1958, the first crude, basic integrated circuit earned a Nobel Prize for Jack Kilby, a Texas Instruments (TI) engineer. Today\u2019s modern integrated-circuit chips (also known as semiconductor chips, logic chips, processor chips, smart chips, and other names) are at the heart of virtually every convenience and necessity in our lives, from smartphones, cars, televisions, and healthcare to military weapons, stock exchanges, and space satellites. Integrated-circuit chips seldom are visible, but their importance in our lives is expanding. Meanwhile, new problems in the global chip supply chain are endangering America\u2019s economic and national security.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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More than a dozen new chip-making plants totaling nearly $200 billion have recently been announced for Texas, and some already are under construction. Chip-making had its beginnings in Texas more than 60 years ago, and the most complicated and important chips soon will be manufactured here, too.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Chris Miller\u2019s Chip War<\/em> tells a wide-ranging story that includes how Jack Kilby and a few other TI scientists and executives launched Texas as the key player in the nascent semiconductor chip industry. A few years later, several digital visionaries and risk-taking entrepreneurs began building chip factories in an area of California later to be known as \u201cSilicon Valley.\u201d Meanwhile, TI kept expanding, and other companies entered the semiconductor business in the Lone Star State.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Soon, several Asian nations opened their own plants, paid workers very low wages, and charged buyers low prices. To stay competitive and save money, many U.S. firms began outsourcing their most critical and complicated chips to Asia and putting less funding into building up their own chip-making capabilities. The outcome, the author emphasizes, has been \u201cglobalization gone wrong.\u201d  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Clarity is a key emphasis in this well-researched, well-written book. Miller, who teaches international history and is involved in foreign policy research for several organizations, is good at explaining the complicated details of a high-tech dilemma now posing many difficulties for the world.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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He writes that when the coronavirus temporarily shut down chip factories in 2020, critical chip shortages quickly occurred everywhere. \u201cThen, over 2021, a series of accidents\u2014a fire in a Japanese semiconductor facility; ice storms in Texas, a center of U.S. chipmaking; and a new round of COVID lockdowns in Malaysia, where many chips are assembled and tested\u2014intensified these disruptions.\u201d America\u2019s military faced long delays in getting critical parts. Major carmakers and manufacturers in numerous other industries and nations had to shut down for weeks, leaving many workers unpaid and customers with unfilled orders or desperately short of needed parts and supplies.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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One other Texas-related story in Chip War<\/em> illuminates why the U.S. and China are once again at loggerheads over Taiwan and why the White House, Congress, and huge companies such as Texas Instruments, Samsung, and others are swiftly pushing billions of dollars into new, cutting-edge chip fabrication plants. In 1983, Morris Chang, a talented and ambitious Chinese immigrant who had lived most of his life in Texas and risen through TI\u2019s management ranks, was in line to become Texas Instruments\u2019 chief executive officer. But when he was passed over for the post, he left, moved to Taiwan, and launched his own chip company. \u201cToday,\u201d Miller notes, \u201cno firm fabricates chips with more precision than the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) [founded by Chang].\u201d  \u201cTMSC [now] builds almost all of the world\u2019s most advanced processor chips.\u201d  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo put that situation under a starker spotlight during a recent interview with writer-journalist Thomas L. Friedman. \u201cToday,\u201d she told him, \u201cwe are purchasing 100 percent of our advanced logic chips from abroad\u201490 percent from TSMC in Taiwan and 10 percent from Samsung in Korea. We do not make in the U.S. any of the chips we need for artificial intelligence, for our military, for our satellites.\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Chip War<\/em> can be important and informative reading for almost anyone seeking to know more about current digital chip technology, its wide importance, and what could happen if its fragile supply chain is disrupted again, whether by accident, a new pandemic, or war.  <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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